全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1956篇 |
免费 | 433篇 |
国内免费 | 788篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 155篇 |
大气科学 | 331篇 |
地球物理 | 542篇 |
地质学 | 1314篇 |
海洋学 | 384篇 |
天文学 | 95篇 |
综合类 | 129篇 |
自然地理 | 227篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 35篇 |
2022年 | 73篇 |
2021年 | 70篇 |
2020年 | 124篇 |
2019年 | 136篇 |
2018年 | 128篇 |
2017年 | 115篇 |
2016年 | 145篇 |
2015年 | 135篇 |
2014年 | 148篇 |
2013年 | 165篇 |
2012年 | 153篇 |
2011年 | 165篇 |
2010年 | 156篇 |
2009年 | 166篇 |
2008年 | 136篇 |
2007年 | 142篇 |
2006年 | 140篇 |
2005年 | 111篇 |
2004年 | 87篇 |
2003年 | 81篇 |
2002年 | 82篇 |
2001年 | 68篇 |
2000年 | 70篇 |
1999年 | 57篇 |
1998年 | 38篇 |
1997年 | 50篇 |
1996年 | 30篇 |
1995年 | 31篇 |
1994年 | 27篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3177条查询结果,搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
Revisiting the existence of an effective stress for wet granular soils with micromechanics 下载免费PDF全文
A possible effective stress variable for wet granular materials is numerically investigated based on an adapted discrete element method (DEM) model for an ideal three‐phase system. The DEM simulations consider granular materials made of nearly monodisperse spherical particles, in the pendular regime with the pore fluid mixture consisting of distinct water menisci bridging particle pairs. The contact force‐related stress contribution to the total stresses is isolated and tested as the effective stress candidate for dense or loose systems. It is first recalled that this contact stress tensor is indeed an adequate effective stress that describes stress limit states of wet samples with the same Mohr‐Coulomb criterion associated with their dry counterparts. As for constitutive relationships, it is demonstrated that the contact stress tensor used in conjunction with dry constitutive relations does describe the strains of wet samples during an initial strain regime but not beyond. Outside this so‐called quasi‐static strain regime, whose extent is much greater for dense than loose materials, dramatic changes in the contact network prevent macroscale contact stress‐strain relationships to apply in the same manner to dry and unsaturated conditions. The presented numerical results also reveal unexpected constitutive bifurcations for the loose material, related to stick‐slip macrobehavior. 相似文献
2.
Analytical study of ground motion caused by seismic wave propagation across faulted rock masses 下载免费PDF全文
Studying seismic wave propagation across rock masses and the induced ground motion is an important topic, which receives considerable attention in design and construction of underground cavern/tunnel constructions and mining activities. The current study investigates wave propagation across a rock mass with one fault and the induced ground motion using a recursive approach. The rocks beside the fault are assumed as viscoelastic media with seismic quality factors, Qp and Qs. Two kinds of interactions between stress waves and a discontinuity and between stress waves and a free surface are analyzed, respectively. As the result of the wave superposition, the mathematical expressions for induced ground vibration are deduced. The proposed approach is then compared with the existing analysis for special cases. Finally, parametric studies are carried out, which includes the influences of fault stiffness, incident angle, and frequency of incident waves on the peak particle velocities of the ground motions. 相似文献
3.
Pittichovâ J. Sekenina Z. Birkle K. Boehnhardt J. Engels D. Keller P. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1997,78(1-3):329-338
The Sekanina-Farrell particle fragmentation model for the striated tails of dust comets is successfully applied to two images
of comet Hale-Bopp to study the motions of 12 striae in a time span of March 12–15, 1997. There is evidence for recurring
outbursts with a periodicity of 11h21m, consistent with results based on analysis of dust jets. The ejecta in all the striae appear to have been released from one
source on the nucleus between the end of January and the second half of February 1997, some 60 to 40 days before perihelion.
The parent particles were subjected to a radiation pressure acceleration of βp ≃ 0.55 and their fragmentation lifetimes in 11 of the 12 striae were practically constant and equal to 13–15 days, when normalized
to 1 AU from the Sun. Brief analysis of Watanabe et al.'s measurements of striae on their images from March 5–9, 1997 shows
even shorter fragmentation lifetimes for the parent particles, mostly about 7–11 days at1 AU.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Gopal C. Kilambi Praveen Nagar N. Kameswara Rao 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1992,13(2):175-194
Mid-ultraviolet and optical photometric analysis of helium stars are presented. A linear relation exists between the effective
temperature derived from model atmospheres and (1965-V)0 index. The effective temperatures derived from (1965-V)0 index are somewhat higher than that of MK spectral type estimates especially for late B-type helium objects. 相似文献
5.
Kleomenis Tsiganis Harry Varvoglis Rudolf Dvorak 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2005,92(1-3):71-87
It has recently been shown that Jupiter Trojans may exhibit chaotic behavior, a fact that has put in question their presumed long term stability. Previous numerical results suggest a slow dispersion of the Trojan swarms, but the extent of the ‘effective’ stability region in orbital elements space is still an open problem. In this paper, we tackle this problem by means of extensive numerical integrations. First, a set of 3,200 fictitious objects and 667 numbered Trojans is integrated for 4 Myrs and their Lyapunov time, TL, is estimated. The ones following chaotic orbits are then integrated for 1 Gyr, or until they escape from the Trojan region. The results of these experiments are presented in the form of maps of TLand the escape time, TE, in the space of proper elements. An effective stability region for 1 Gyr is defined on these maps, in which chaotic orbits also exist. The distribution of the numbered Trojans follows closely the TE=1 Gyr level curve, with 86% of the bodies lying inside and 14% outside the stability region. This result is confirmed by a 4.5 Gyr integration of the 246 chaotic numbered Trojans, which showed that 17% of the numbered Trojans are unstable over the age of the solar system. We show that the size distributions of the stable and unstable populations are nearly identical. Thus, the existence of unstable bodies should not be the result of a size-dependent transport mechanism but, rather, the result of chaotic diffusion. Finally, in the large chaotic region that surrounds the stability zone, a statistical correlation between TLandTE is found. 相似文献
6.
In recent years, high‐molecular‐weight anionic polyacrylamides (PAMs) have been tested on a variety of soils, primarily in temperate climates. However, little information is available regarding the effectiveness of PAM for preventing soil loss through runoff in tropical settings. Screening tests were performed using three negatively charged PAMs and one positively charged PAM on five Hawaii soils (two Oxisols, one Vertisol, and two Aridisols) to determine erosion loss, sediment settling, and aggregate stability. A laboratory‐scale rainfall simulator was used to apply erosive rainfall at intensities from 5 to 8·5 cm h?1 at various PAM doses applied in both dry and solution forms. Soil detachment due to splash and runoff, as well as the runoff and percolate water volumes, were measured for initial and successive storms. The impact of PAM on particle settling and aggregate stability was also evaluated for selected soil‐treatment combinations. Among the PAMs, Superfloc A‐836 was most effective, and significantly reduced runoff and splash sediment loss for the Wahiawa Oxisol and Pakini Andisol at rates varying between 10 and 50 kg ha?1. Reduced runoff and splash sediment loss were also noted for PAM Aerotil‐D when applied in solution form to the Wahiawa Oxisol. Significant reductions in soil loss were not noted for either the Lualualei Vertisol or the Holomua Oxisol. It is believed that the high montmorillonite content of the Lualualei Vertisol and the low cation‐exchange capacity of the Holomua Oxisol diminished the effectiveness of the various PAMs tested. The polymers were also found to enhance sediment settling of all soils and helped improve their aggregate stability. This screening study shows the potential use of PAM for tropical soils for applications such as infiltration enhancement, runoff reduction, and enhanced sedimentation of detention ponds. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Delineation of groundwater protection zones by the backward particle tracking method: theoretical background and GIS-based stochastic analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Konstadinos N. Moutsopoulos Alexandra Gemitzi Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(5):1081-1090
The backward particle tracking method, an effective and powerful tool that can be used to delineate groundwater protection
zones, is presented. The theoretical background and insights on the applicability of this method are provided. Moreover, the
present work enriches the backward particle tracking method with an uncertainty analysis concerning the porosity values, applying
a Monte Carlo (MC) approach, coupled with the use of geographical information systems (GIS). As an application example, a
wellfield in the Komotini area, Greece, is investigated. The present study may serve as a potential guideline for wellfield
delineation, particularly in areas like Greece where lack of data related to the hydrogeological system is often a problem. 相似文献
8.
9.
粗颗粒悬移质测验误差分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文根据流速与含沙量分布,研究了悬移质积点法对粗颗粒含沙量测验误差.首先指出无论从输沙率还是从悬浮高度看,粗颗粒悬移质集中于河底,致使水文测验中的一些测验方法(如一点法、二点法、三点法等)带有较大的误差.进而分析了各种测法对粗颗粒的相对误差,并且随着颗粒变粗,误差愈来愈大,以致不能接受.这种情况在水库下游河道冲刷过程中,会在一定程度上出现,必须重视研究和调整测验方法.最后通过与长江委水文局在沙市及监利两水文站试验结果对比,证明本文理论上的分析是可信的. 相似文献
10.
海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷兴安岭群储层粘土矿物组成及成因研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
油田注水开发是保持地层能量,提高采收率的有效手段.海拉尔地区由于粘土矿物含量高,在开发过程中储层遇水易泥化、坍塌,严重影响油气的有效开采.通过X射线衍射、偏光显微镜观察和扫描电镜分析,确定了海拉尔盆地贝16断块兴安岭群储层自上而下存在三种粘土矿物组合:蒙脱石 高岭石 (绿泥石)→高岭石 伊/蒙间层 伊利石 (绿泥石)→伊利石 绿泥石 绿/蒙间层 伊/蒙间层.粘土总量在9.1%~69.1%之间,由地层浅部到深部呈现由高到低的变化规律.详细研究了水敏性极强的钠蒙脱石及其间层矿物,认为凝灰物质的水解蚀变以及长石和中、酸性岩屑在成岩过程中的次生变化是造成海拉尔地区粘土含量高的主要因素. 相似文献